Before the advent of photography and even after, painters had the option of depicting scenes of mayhem and destruction. One artist who did quite well at this was John Martin (1789-1854). A lengthy Wikipedia biographical entry on him is here. In 2011-12 Martin was the subject of an exhibition at the Tate Britain, in London.
Actually, Martin's painting were more epic than gory, as can be seen below.
Sadak in Search of the Waters of Oblivion - 1812
Fall of Babylon - 1819
Belshazzar's Feast - 1820
The Destruction of Pompeii and Herculaneum - 1822
This painting was badly damaged in the 1920s and required a restoration much more extensive than usual, as this Guardian piece indicates.
Pandaemonium - 1841
The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah - 1852
The Great Day of His Wrath - 1851-53
The Last Judgement - 1853
Painted not long before Martin suffered a debilitating stroke.
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